Apache Commons 是一个 Apache 项目,专注于可重用 Java 组件的方方面面。
Apache Commons 项目由三个部分组成:
其中,Apache Commons Lang 是 Java 开发过程中很常用的一个类库,可以理解为它是对 Java Lang and Util Base Libraries 的增强。
Commons Lang 安装方法:
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| <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>x.x.x</version> </dependency>
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Commons Lang 总览:
Commons Lang 提供了以下 package:
org.apache.commons.lang3
org.apache.commons.lang3.builder
org.apache.commons.lang3.concurrent
org.apache.commons.lang3.event
org.apache.commons.lang3.exception
org.apache.commons.lang3.math
org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable
org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect
org.apache.commons.lang3.text
org.apache.commons.lang3.text.translate
org.apache.commons.lang3.time
org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple
Pair
、MutablePair
、ImmutablePair
Triple
、MutableTriple
、ImmutableTriple
下面重点来看下最常用的几个工具:
org.apache.commons.lang3
StringUtils
ArrayUtils
BooleanUtils
StringUtils
判空函数
API:
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| StringUtils.isEmpty(String str) StringUtils.isNotEmpty(String str) StringUtils.isBlank(String str) StringUtils.isNotBlank(String str) StringUtils.isAnyBlank(CharSequence… css) StringUtils.isAnyEmpty(CharSequence… css) StringUtils.isNoneBlank(CharSequence… css) StringUtils.isNoneEmpty(CharSequence… css) StringUtils.isWhitespace(CharSequence cs)
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看下 isBlank
和 isEmpty
的区别:
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| StringUtils.isBlank(null) StringUtils.isEmpty(null)
StringUtils.isBlank("") StringUtils.isEmpty("")
StringUtils.isBlank(" ") StringUtils.isEmpty(" ")
StringUtils.isBlank("\n\t") StringUtils.isEmpty("\n\t")
isNotEmpty = !isEmpty, isBlank同理
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使用 isAnyBlank
和 isAnyEmpty
进行多维判空:
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| StringUtils.isAnyBlank("", "bar", "foo"); StringUtils.isAnyEmpty(" ", "bar", "foo");
isNoneBlank = !isAnyBlank;isNoneEmpty同理
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使用 isWhitespace
判断空白:
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| StringUtils.isWhitespace(null); StringUtils.isWhitespace(""); StringUtils.isWhitespace(" ");
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判断是否相等函数
API:
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| equals(CharSequence cs1,CharSequence cs2) equalsIgnoreCase(CharSequence str1, CharSequence str2)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.equals("abc", null) = false StringUtils.equals("abc", "abc") = true StringUtils.equals("abc", "ABC") = false
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忽略大小写判断:
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| StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("abc", null) = false StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("abc", "abc") = true StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("abc", "ABC") = true
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是否包含函数
API:
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| containsOnly(CharSequence cs,char… valid) containsNone(CharSequence cs,char… searchChars)
startsWith(CharSequence str,CharSequence prefix) startsWithIgnoreCase(CharSequence str,CharSequence prefix) startsWithAny(CharSequence string,CharSequence… searchStrings)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.containsOnly("ab", "") = false StringUtils.containsOnly("abab", "abc") = true StringUtils.containsOnly("ab1", "abc") = false StringUtils.containsOnly("abz", "abc") = false
StringUtils.containsNone("abab", 'xyz') = true StringUtils.containsNone("ab1", 'xyz') = true StringUtils.containsNone("abz", 'xyz') = false
StringUtils.startsWith("abcdef", "abc") = true StringUtils.startsWith("ABCDEF", "abc") = false
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索引下标函数
API:
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| indexOf(CharSequence seq,CharSequence searchSeq) indexOf(CharSequence seq,CharSequence searchSeq,int startPos) indexOfIgnoreCase/lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(CharSequence str,CharSequence searchStr) lastIndexOf(CharSequence seq,int searchChar)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "a") = 0 StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b") = 2 StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "ab") = 1
StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 0) = 0 StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 0) = 2 StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "ab", 0) = 1 StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 3) = 5 StringUtils.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 9) = -1
StringUtils.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'a') = 7 StringUtils.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'b') = 5
StringUtils.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "A", 8) = 7 StringUtils.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 8) = 5 StringUtils.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "AB", 8) = 4 StringUtils.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 9) = 5
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截取函数
API:
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| substring(String str,int start) substringAfter(String str,String separator) substringBeforeLast(String str,String separator) substringAfterLast(String str,String separator) substringBetween(String str,String tag)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.substring("abcdefg", 0) = "abcdefg" StringUtils.substring("abcdefg", 2) = "cdefg" StringUtils.substring("abcdefg", 4) = "efg" StringUtils.substring("abcdefg", -2) = "fg" StringUtils.substring("abcdefg", -4) = "defg"
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// start>0&&end>0从左开始(包括左)到右结束(不包括右),
//start<0&&end<0从右开始(包括右),再向左数到end结束(包括end)
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| StringUtils.substringAfter("abc", "a") = "bc" StringUtils.substringAfter("abcba", "b") = "cba" StringUtils.substringAfter("abc", "c") = ""
StringUtils.substringBeforeLast("abcba", "b") = "abc" StringUtils.substringBeforeLast("abc", "c") = "ab" StringUtils.substringBeforeLast("a", "a") = "" StringUtils.substringBeforeLast("a", "z") = "a"
StringUtils.substringAfterLast("abc", "a") = "bc" StringUtils.substringAfterLast("abcba", "b") = "a" StringUtils.substringAfterLast("abc", "c") = ""
StringUtils.substringBetween("tagabctag", null) = null StringUtils.substringBetween("tagabctag", "") = "" StringUtils.substringBetween("tagabctag", "tag") = "abc"
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删除函数
API:
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| StringUtils.remove(String str, char remove) StringUtils.remove(String str, String remove) StringUtils.removeEnd(String str, String remove) StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) StringUtils.removePattern(String source, String regex) StringUtils.removeStart(String str, String remove) StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase(String str, String remove) StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(String str)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.remove("queued", 'u') = "qeed"
StringUtils.remove("queued", "ue") = "qd"
StringUtils.removeEnd("www.domain.com", ".com") = "www.domain"
StringUtils.removeEnd("www.domain.com", "domain") = "www.domain.com"
StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", ".COM") = "www.domain")
StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("abc") = "abc" StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(" ab c ") = "abc"
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删除空白函数
API:
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| trim(String str) trimToEmpty(String str) trimToNull(String str) deleteWhitespace(String str)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.trim(" ") = "" StringUtils.trim("abc") = "abc" StringUtils.trim(" abc ") = "abc"
StringUtils.trimToNull(" ") = null StringUtils.trimToNull("abc") = "abc" StringUtils.trimToNull(" abc ") = "abc" StringUtils.trimToEmpty(" ") = "" StringUtils.trimToEmpty("abc") = "abc" StringUtils.trimToEmpty(" abc ") = "abc"
StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("") = "" StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("abc") = "abc" StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(" ab c ") = "abc"
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替换函数
API:
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| replace(String text, String searchString, String replacement) replace(String text, String searchString, String replacement, int max) replaceChars(String str, char searchChar, char replaceChar) replaceChars(String str, String searchChars, String replaceChars) replaceEach(String text, String[] searchList, String[] replacementList) replaceEachRepeatedly(String text, String[] searchList, String[] replacementList) replaceOnce(String text, String searchString, String replacement) replacePattern(String source, String regex, String replacement) overlay(String str,String overlay,int start,int end)
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replace
例子:
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| StringUtils.replace("aba", "a", "") = "b" StringUtils.replace("aba", "a", "z") = "zbz"
StringUtils.replace("abaa", "a", "", -1) = "b" StringUtils.replace("abaa", "a", "z", 0) = "abaa" StringUtils.replace("abaa", "a", "z", 1) = "zbaa" StringUtils.replace("abaa", "a", "z", 2) = "zbza" StringUtils.replace("abaa", "a", "z", -1) = "zbzz"
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replaceEach
是对 replace
的增强版,用于一次性替换多个字符。搜索列表和替换长度必须一致,否则报 IllegalArgumentException
异常:
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| StringUtils.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"w", "t"}) = "wcte" StringUtils.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}) = "dcte"
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replaceChars
用于对单个字符逐一替换,其操作如下:
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| StringUtils.replaceChars("dabcba", "bcd", "yzx") = "xayzya" StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "y") = "ayya"
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replaceOnce
例子:
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| StringUtils.replaceOnce("aba", "a", "") = "ba" StringUtils.replaceOnce("aba", "a", "z") = "zba"
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overlay
例子:
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| StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 2, 4) = "abzzzzef" StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 4, 2) = "abzzzzef" StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", -1, 4) = "zzzzef" StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 2, 8) = "abzzzz" StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", -2, -3) = "zzzzabcdef" StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 8, 10) = "abcdefzzzz"
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反转函数
API:
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| reverse(String str) reverseDelimited(String str, char separatorChar)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.reverse("bat") = "tab" StringUtils.reverseDelimited("a.b.c", 'x') = "a.b.c" StringUtils.reverseDelimited("a.b.c", ".") = "c.b.a"
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分隔函数
API:
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| split(String str) split(String str, char separatorChar) split(String str, String separatorChars) split(String str, String separatorChars, int max) splitByCharacterType(String str) splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase(String str) splitByWholeSeparator(String str, String separator) splitByWholeSeparator(String str, String separator, int max) splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separator) splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separator, int max) splitPreserveAllTokens(String str) splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, char separatorChar) splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separatorChars) splitPreserveAllTokens(String str, String separatorChars, int max)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.split("abc def") = ["abc", "def"] StringUtils.split("abc def") = ["abc", "def"] StringUtils.split("a..b.c", '.') = ["a", "b", "c"]
StringUtils.split("a:b:c", '.') = ["a:b:c"]
StringUtils.split("ab:cd:ef", ":", 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
StringUtils.split("ab:cd:ef", ":", 2) = ["ab", "cd:ef"]
StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator("ab de fg", null) = ["ab", "de", "fg"] StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator("ab de fg", null) = ["ab", "de", "fg"] StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator("ab:cd:ef", ":") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"] StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator("ab-!-cd-!-ef", "-!-") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator("ab:cd:ef", ":", 2) = ["ab", "cd:ef"]
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合并函数
API:
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| join(byte[] array,char separator) join(Object[] array,char separator) join(Object[] array,char separator,int startIndex,int endIndex)
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例子
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| StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"]) = "abc" StringUtils.join([null, "", "a"]) = "a"
StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"], null) = "abc"
StringUtils.join([null, "", "a"], ',', 0, 3) = ",,a" StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--", 0, 3) = "a--b--c"
StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--", 1, 3) = "b--c" StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--", 2, 3) = "c"
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大小写转换和判断
API:
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| StringUtils.capitalize(String str) StringUtils.uncapitalize(String str) StringUtils.upperCase(String str) StringUtils.upperCase(String str,Locale locale) StringUtils.lowerCase(String str) StringUtils.lowerCase(String str,Locale locale) StringUtils.swapCase(String str)
StringUtils.isAllUpperCase(CharSequence cs) StringUtils.isAllLowerCase(CharSequence cs)
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大小写转换:
capitalize
首字母大写
upperCase
全部转化为大写
swapCase
大小写互转
大小写判断:
isAllUpperCase
是否全部大写
isAllLowerCase
是否全部小写
缩短省略函数
API:
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| abbreviate(String str, int maxWidth) abbreviate(String str, int offset, int maxWidth) abbreviateMiddle(String str, String middle, int length)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 6) = "abc..." StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 7) = "abcdefg" StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 8) = "abcdefg" StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 4) = "a..." StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 3) = IllegalArgumentException
StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 6, 10) = "...ghij..."
StringUtils.abbreviateMiddle("abcdef", ".", 4) = "ab.f"
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字符串的长度小于或等于最大长度,返回该字符串。
运算规律:(substring(str, 0, max-3) + “…”)
如果最大长度小于 4,则抛出异常 IllegalArgumentException
。
相似度函数
API:
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| difference(String str1,String str2)
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例子:
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| StringUtils.difference("", "abc") = "abc" StringUtils.difference("abc", "") = "" StringUtils.difference("abc", "abc") = "" StringUtils.difference("abc", "ab") = "" StringUtils.difference("ab", "abxyz") = "xyz" StringUtils.difference("abcde", "abxyz") = "xyz" StringUtils.difference("abcde", "xyz") = "xyz"
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BooleanUtils
ArrayUtils
添加方法
add(boolean[] array,boolean element)
add(T[] array,int index,T element)
addAll(boolean[] array1,boolean… array2)
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| ArrayUtils.add([true, false], true) = [true, false, true]
ArrayUtils.add(["a"], 1, null) = ["a", null] ArrayUtils.add(["a"], 1, "b") = ["a", "b"] ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], 3, "c") = ["a", "b", "c"] ArrayUtils.add(["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]) = ["a", "b", "c","d"]
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克隆方法
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| ArrayUtils.clone(new int[] { 3, 2, 4 }); = {3,2,4}
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包含方法
contains(boolean[] array,boolean valueToFind)
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| ArrayUtils.contains(new int[] { 3, 1, 2 }, 1); = true
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获取长度方法
getLength(Object array)
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| ArrayUtils.getLength(["a", "b", "c"]) = 3
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获取索引方法
indexOf(boolean[] array,boolean valueToFind)
indexOf(boolean[] array,boolean valueToFind,int startIndex)
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ArrayUtils.indexOf(new int[] { 1, 3, 6 }, 6); = 2 ArrayUtils.indexOf(new int[] { 1, 3, 6 }, 2); = -1
ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(new int[] { 1, 3, 6 }, 6); = 2
ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(new Object[]{"33","yy","uu"}, "33",2 ) = 0
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判空方法
isEmpty(boolean[] array)等等
isNotEmpty(T[] array)
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| ArrayUtils.isEmpty(new int[0]); = true ArrayUtils.isEmpty(new Object[] { null }); = false
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长度相等判断方法
isSameLength(boolean[] array1,boolean[] array2)
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| ArrayUtils.isSameLength(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5 }, new Long[] { "1", "3", "5"}); = true
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空数组转换
nullToEmpty(Object[] array)等等
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| int [] arr1 = null; int [] arr2 = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(arr1);
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删除元素方法
remove(boolean[] array,int index)等等
removeElement(boolean[] array,boolean element)
removeAll(T[] array,int… indices)
removeElements(T[] array,T… values)
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| ArrayUtils.remove([true, false], 1) = [true] ArrayUtils.remove([true, true, false], 1) = [true, false]
ArrayUtils.removeElement([true, false], false) = [true] ArrayUtils.removeElement([true, false, true], true) = [false, true]
ArrayUtils.removeAll(["a", "b", "c"], 0, 2) = ["b"] ArrayUtils.removeAll(["a", "b", "c"], 1, 2) = ["a"]
ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b"], "a", "c") = ["b"] ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b", "a"], "a") = ["b", "a"] ArrayUtils.removeElements(["a", "b", "a"], "a", "a") = ["b"]
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反转方法
reverse(boolean[] array)等等
reverse(boolean[] array,int startIndexInclusive,int endIndexExclusive)
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| int[] array =new int[] { 1, 2, 5 }; ArrayUtils.reverse(array);
int[] array =new int[] {1, 2, 5 ,3,4,5,6,7,8}; ArrayUtils.reverse(array,2,5); System.out.println(ArrayUtils.toString(array)); = {1,2,4,3,5,5,6,7,8}
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截取数组
subarray(boolean[] array,int startIndexInclusive,int endIndexExclusive)
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| ArrayUtils.subarray(newint[] { 3, 4, 1, 5, 6 }, 2, 4); = {1,5}
ArrayUtils.subarray(newint[] { 3, 4, 1, 5, 6 }, 2, 10); = {1,5,6}
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打印数组方法
toString(Object array)
toString(Object array,String stringIfNull)
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| ArrayUtils.toString(newint[] { 1, 4, 2, 3 }); = {1,4,2,3} ArrayUtils.toString(new Integer[] { 1, 4, 2, 3 }); = {1,4,2,3}
ArrayUtils.toString(null, "I'm nothing!"); = I'm nothing!
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参考
https://commons.apache.org/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/commons_collections/index.htm
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/commons_io/index.htm